Beneficence

Risk Category: Physical
Risk Example: Fatigue
Protection Example: Supervision by physical trainer for signs or measures of fatigue beyond those defined as acceptable in the research protocol.

Risk Category: Social
Risk Example: Stigma
Protection Example:Investigators do not disclose identifiable data to research participant’s co-workers.

Risk Category: Psychological
Risk Example: Anxiety
Protection Example: Friend or spouse can stay with participant during study procedures.

Risk Category: Legal
Risk Example: Disclosure of illegal drug use.
Protection Example: Investigators increase protections for individual research participant’s data from legal subpoena by obtaining a Certificate of Confidentiality.

Risk Category: Economic
Risk Example: Loss of job or advancement.
Protection Example: Investigators do not disclose information data to research participant’s employer.